Meaning Outside the Frame

Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows

cuts out to emphasise silence/sound

footsteps

guns going off which creates fear

dialogue

slow motion sounds that you can hear before you see

Diegetic sounds - gun shots, artillery, the train, footsteps, dialog

Bullets getting shot would be quite when in slow-motion however there is no sounds so when the fire it you here it coming out of the barrel then it passing peoples and hitting them and trees which from there reactions.

Non-diegetic sounds would be the artillery loading inside because you cant get that when actually loading it because the sounds would be so quite.

Key notes about editing: (CODES & CONVENTIONS)

Cuts - these are the instant switches between shots, always use the word cut.

Transitions - switches between shots that take time, like dissolves, fades or wipes.

The frequency and rhythm of cuts - how often cuts happen and whether they happen at the same time as actions or sounds

Specific editing techniques - shot-reverse shot, cross cutting, action matches etc.

These are all elements of CONTINUITY EDITING, where editing is supposed to make sense of time and place for the viewer 

NON-CONTINUITY techniques include flashbacks/forward, montages etc.

Editing: sequences and techniques:

Shot/reverse shot or shot counter shot - cutting back and forth between two established shots - very common for conversation.

Eyeline match - ensuring that the eye level between characters matches between cuts (so they look like they’re looking at each other), or cutting from a character looking at something to the thing they are looking at.

Action match - cutting to continue the action e.g. a shot of a ball being thrown cutting to a shot of the same ball being caught.

Editing: Techniques

Jump cut - a cut that suddenly shifts position or time unnaturally, in order to communicate that something is wrong

Crosscutting/parallel editing - cross cutting between two sequences of action that are happening at the same time, often to link the characters to both actions

Cutaway - cutting to a brief shot in a sequence for a variety of technical or narrative reasons - it will be of a shot NOT covered in the master shot

Insert - similar to a cutaway but it will cut to a shot that IS covered by the master shot

Editing: Transitions: 

Dissolve - one shot blending into another with no fade in between.

Fade-in - fading into a shot from a colour, most commonly black.

Fade-out - fading out from a shot to a colour, most commonly black.

Wipe - the new shot moves over the old shot in a direction, often motivated by an object or character.